The story of Iran's nuclear programme did not begin with secret enrichment plants, sanctions or confrontation with Washington. It began in the 1950s, when the United States was actively encouraging countries around the world to embrace civilian nuclear technology. Iran was one of the early beneficiaries. There is a remarkable irony at the heart of the modern nuclear confrontation between the United States and Iran. Washington spent decades trying to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. But the foundations of Iran's nuclear programme were laid during a very different era — when the United States was helping Iran develop nuclear science. The story began with an American vision of a future in which the atom would become a source of electricity, medicine and scientific progress rather than simply a weapon. It was called Atoms for Peace. And Iran was one of its early participants. Eisenhower's nuclear gamble On 8 December 1953, US President Dwight D. Eisenhower addresse...
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