For more than half a century, black holes have occupied a strange position in our understanding of the Universe. They are predicted by Einstein's general theory of relativity, supported by increasingly strong observational evidence, and now routinely detected through their effects on surrounding matter and spacetime. But there is a fascinating alternative idea. What if some objects we call black holes aren't actually black holes at all? What if, instead, they are dark stars — incredibly compact objects whose gravity is so extreme that they look almost indistinguishable from black holes, but whose internal structure is fundamentally different? The concept sounds like science fiction. Yet physicists have explored versions of it for decades. And some modern theories suggest that the distinction between a black hole and an exotic compact object could be much more subtle than we once imagined. What Is a Black Hole? A black hole forms when enough mass becomes concentrated within a s...
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